ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal June 2018 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2167 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal June 2018 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 449 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal June 2018 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 19932 KB |
| Title: | Extrema of Two-Port Network Transducer Power Gain and Voltage Gain Under Varying Port Terminations: Semi-Analytical Method and Application to Biotelemetry System |
| Abstract: | Analysis of the structure of the level sets of transducer power gain and voltage gain of a two-port network enables a semi-analytical method for finding the extrema these performance indicators as the port terminations vary in bounded rectangles in the complex plane. In particular, we show that the extrema are necessarily attained in small-dimensional subsets of the given rectangles. This provides efficient means to assess the impact of variability in the port terminations numerically. As an example, we study how variability in the port terminations affects the performance of a biotelemetry system composed of magnetically coupled small loops with highly sensitive impedance matching properties. |
| Author(s): | T. Bjorninen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2059 KB |
| Title: | First and Second Order Mur Type ABCs for DNG Media |
| Abstract: | Reflections from boundaries of the FDTD computational domain lead to inaccurate, even unstable codes when dealing with problems involving double negative (DNG) materials. Here, an efficient and simple algorithm is presented for terminating FDTD in DNG medium which is based on first and second order Mur’s absorbing boundary conditions (ABC). FDTD update equations for Mur’s ABC formulations are obtained from frequency domain one-way wave equations using piecewise linear recursive convolution (PLRC) method. Numerical examples are given both for 1D and 2D scenarios to demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed Mur formulations, and its advantages over uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) in reducing computational time and memory requirements. |
| Author(s): | A. Pekmezci, E. Topuz, L. Sevgi |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1769 KB |
| Title: | Fast Finite-Difference Calculation of Eddy Currents in Thin Metal Sheets |
| Abstract: | Magnetic excitation of eddy currents in a thin metal sheet is a difficult problem that has many useful applications to scrap metal recycling. Using finitedifference approximations on both the curl and divergence of the current density, we develop a numerical algorithm that is simple to implement, quick to solve, and capable of modeling excitation from arbitrary magnetic field distributions. For the special case of a weakly-induced eddy field, the self-inductance terms can be neglected, resulting in a sparse system matrix that is easily inverted. For a strongly-induced eddy field, self-inductance must be included at the cost of a more complex, denser system matrix. The method is validated against the CST EM Studio software suite and produces nearly identical results on a thin-sheet simulation in only a tiny fraction of the time. |
| Author(s): | J. R. Nagel |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2125 KB |
| Title: | Accuracy of Finite Element Approximations for Two-dimensional Time-harmonic Electromagnetic Boundary Value Problems Involving Non-conducting Moving Objects with Stationary Boundaries |
| Abstract: | An analysis of the accuracy of the results computed using a finite element code in the presence of axially moving cylinders is presented. It seems that no result of this type is available in the open literature. Any material in motion is perceived as a bianisotropic medium. This generates a scattered field having two components: one has the same polarization as the incident field and the other presents the orthogonal polarization. The results on the accuracy of the copolarized field are new but are similar to those obtained in the presence of motionless media. The outcome on the accuracy of the results related to the orthogonal polarization seems to be more interesting, especially for the information content this component of the field could provide on the axial velocity profile. In particular, using a finite element simulator based on double precision arithmetic, it is shown that the range of axial velocity values over which it is possible to obtain very accurate approximations can span nine or even more decades. This allows the use of the simulator, even when the more difficult components of the field are required to be accurate, for a set of applications ranging from astrophysics to medicine. |
| Author(s): | P. K. Ramakrishnan, M. Raffetto |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2146 KB |
| Title: | An Iterative CN-Leapfrog Scheme Based Hybrid Implicit–Explicit Discontinuous Galerkin Finite-Element Time-Domain Method for Analysis of Multiscale Problems |
| Abstract: | The discontinuous Galerkin finite-element time-domain (DG-FETD) method with the ability to deal with unstructured meshes is well suited to analyze the multiscale system. However the DG-FETD method with explicit integration schemes is constrained by stability conditions that can be very restrictive upon highly fine meshes. The hybrid implicit–explicit Crank- Nicolson (CN) leapfrog scheme is effective in solving this problem; but because of using CN scheme, the inversion of a large sparse matrix must be calculated at each time step in the fine regions. The hybrid implicit– explicit iterative CN leapfrog scheme is introduced to improve the computational efficiency which can form a block diagonal matrix. The leapfrog scheme is employed for electrically coarse regions and iterative CN scheme for electrically fine ones. The numerical examples have demonstrated the validity and efficiency of the method. |
| Author(s): | M. Li, X. D. Ye, F. Xu, Y. T. Yang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1699 KB |
| Title: | Tunable Band-Notched UWB Antenna from WLAN to WiMAX with Open Loop Resonators using Lumped Capacitors |
| Abstract: | The proposed antenna in this paper is compact UWB monopole antenna with a rectangular patch consists of stepped cuts and triangular slot. A two open loop resonators are designed and added near microstrip feed line to achieve sufficient band rejection from 5.1 GHz to 6.5 GHz for avoiding interference with WLAN frequency bands. The proposed antenna has low profile and compact size, its size equals 3.2 x 3.2 cm2. It has bandwidth from 3.1 GHz to 19.3 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2, except the undesired band of 5.1–6.5 GHz. Two-lumped capacitors are inserted in order to investigate the ability of tuning the resonance frequency of the band-notched structures from 5.6 GHz to 3.5 GHz. Finally, the layout of the proposed UWB monopole antenna with the notched band is experimentally fabricated and measured to verify the simulation results. Furthermore, the return loss and far-field measurements of the fabricated antenna exhibit good match with simulation predictions. |
| Author(s): | W. A. E. Ali, A. A. Ibrahim |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2018 KB |
| Title: | A Differential CPW-fed Ultra-wideband Antenna with Dual Notched Bands |
| Abstract: | In this letter, a differential coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with dual notched bands is presented. The proposed antenna is mainly composed of two C-shaped radiating elements and a polygon slot ground plane. To alleviate the electromagnetic signal interference, two pairs of open-ended slots etched on the ground plane are adopted to reject 3.5 GHz WiMAX band while a pair of Y-shaped slots embedded in the C-shaped radiating elements is used to filter 5.5 GHz WLAN band. Measured results demonstrate that a 10-dB impedance bandwidth implemented is 131% (from 2.57 to 12.31 GHz), along with dual notched bands of 3.29-3.95 GHz and 4.73-6.55 GHz. Furthermore, the low cross-polarization is obtained because of differential feeding structure. Finally, the antenna expresses good radiation patterns in the whole operating band. |
| Author(s): | J. Liu, Z.-Y. Tang, Y.-Z. Yin |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2152 KB |
| Title: | Analysis and Synthesis of Equilateral Triangular Ring Microstrip Antenna using Support Vector Machine |
| Abstract: | A support vector machine (SVM) based analysis and synthesis models are presented for the equilateral triangular ring microstrip antennas (ETRMAs) that operate at ultrahigh band applications. The analysis and synthesis of irregularly shaped microstrip antennas (MAs) require complex, lengthy and time consuming mathematical procedures and artificial intelligence techniques such as SVM eliminate great effort and time. In this paper, two models based on SVM are constructed for analysis and synthesis of ETRMAs. The number of 100 ETRMAs with various geometrical and electrical parameters (L, l, h and epsilon r) are simulated in terms of resonant frequency (fr) with the aid of an electromagnetic simulator program to obtain the data set. Two different SVM models are designed to obtain the resonant frequency and slot dimension of ETRMAs by using the simulation data set. The obtaining the resonant frequency and slot size are analysis and synthesis processes, respectively. The SVM models are trained with the simulated data set of 75 ETRMAs and tested with remainders 25 ETRMAs. A prototype of ETRMA is then fabricated to verify the proposed models in this paper. The testing results of the SVM are compared with the simulation/measurement results and the models are found to be successful. Antenna designers can use the proposed models quickly and simply in analysis and synthesis process of ETRMAs without the need for complex processes. |
| Author(s): | A. Kayabasi |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2028 KB |
| Title: | Design and Analysis of Ring-Focus Reflector Antenna using Method of Moments Solution of Electric Field Integral Equation |
| Abstract: | Ring-focus dual reflector antennas have been employed in various satellite communication applications because of their higher gain and geometrical compactness as compared to the conventional Cassegrain or Gregorian counterparts. In this contribution the geometrical design, full-wave analysis and testing of a ring-focus dual reflector antenna based on axially displaced ellipse (ADE) configuration are reported. The geometrical design of this dual reflector system is conceived through conic section formulations. An analytical methodology based on multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) accelerated method of moments (MoM) solution of surface integral equations for open perfect electrically conducting objects was developed for its RF performance prediction. The distinctive nature of surface current distributions of a ring-focus subreflector is investigated and compared with that of a Cassegrain counterpart. Finally, the developed procedure was applied to predict the performance of a 35 wavelength ADE ring focus antenna. A close agreement of predicted and measured performance was observed which proves the validity of our fast analytical procedure. |
| Author(s): | I. Ismatullah, G. Ahmad, S. A. K. M. Ali |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1983 KB |
| Title: | Compact Zeroth-order Resonance Loaded Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wireless Body Area Networks/Brain Activity Detection |
| Abstract: | A novel bandwidth enhanced compact microstrip antenna for wireless body area networks (WBANs) applications is designed by loading zerothorder resonator (ZOR) structure. The broadband was realized by combining the ZOR resonant frequency with the microstrip patch resonant frequency. The patch dimensions of the antenna are 0.212 lambda c × 0.310 lambda c × 0.027 lambda c, where lambda c is the wavelength of the lower cutoff frequency. By using the ZOR, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna increased by 150% compared to the reference microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna was fabricated. The measured and simulated the -10 dB |S11| bandwidth are 5.5% (2.352-2.485 GHz) and 6.7% (2.320-2.481 GHz), respectively. Thus, the antenna covers the medical BAN (MBAN) band (2.36-2.4 GHz) and the 2.4–2.48 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. From the simulated and measured results, both the microstrip patch mode and the ZOR mode of the proposed antenna radiate uni-directionally. The gains of the antenna are 2.56 dBi and 4.54 dBi at the ZOR mode and microstrip patch mode, respectively. The off-body characteristics of the antenna were investigated and compared with the free-space characteristics. As the antenna was mounted as off-body, the simulated and measured impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 5.5% (2.352-2.484 GHz) and 4.7% (2.35-2.465 GHz), respectively. Although the bandwidths are reduced, the ISM band and the MBAN band are still covered. Though the antenna with tissue backing has increased back radiation, good unidirectionally radiation patterns are also observed. The robust off-body performances reveal that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for WBAN applications. In addition, to evaluate its safety for brain activity detection, the electromagnetic radiation energy of antennas was considered and the safety performance of the antenna is studied by measuring the value of specific absorption rate (SAR). |
| Author(s): | K. Sun, L. Peng, Q. Li, X. Li, X. Jiang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2280 KB |
| Title: | Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness Calculation for Cascaded Wire-Mesh Screens with Glass Substrate |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a model is presented to calculate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of two cascaded wire-mesh sheets with glass substrate. The model is based on transmission line theory for calculating the equivalent sheet impedance of each wiremesh screen. The total shielding effectiveness for the sheets is obtained based on transmission matrix method. The wire-mesh screen is numerically simulated as a unit cell with periodic boundary conditions in order to verify the analytical results. It is shown that the shielding effectiveness is decreased by increasing the operating frequency. Also, it is shown that the total shielding effectiveness of the double wire-mesh layers is satisfactory high compared with single sheet shielding. The proposed structure is highly attractive for different shielding applications due to its lower cost, reduced weight and optical transparency compared to metallic sheets. The model results are compared with measurements. Good agreement between the analytical model and the measurements results is obtained. |
| Author(s): | H. M. El-Maghrabi |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1896 KB |
| Title: | A General Equivalent Model for Multi-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System Analysis and its Application on Compensation Network Design |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a novel general equivalent model of multi-coil coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system and its application on compensation network design. The proposed equivalent model has the advantages of concise expressions, good accuracy, and fast calculation speed. Firstly, the general equivalent model is established to get the concise expressions of system efficiency and output power. Then, based on the proposed model, compensation network design method is discussed, considering several system performance indicators. Furthermore, the proposed model and method are verified by a developed WPT prototype. Meanwhile, the equivalent characteristics and the mutual-resistance effect are analyzed. Also, numerical simulations are conducted to study the magnetic flux distribution, the magnetic field exposure issue, and the current distribution in coil Litz wire. Finally, a varied capacitor compensation method is presented to improve system efficiency on the conditions of coil misalignments. |
| Author(s): | Y. Guo, L. Wang, C. Liao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2429 KB |
| Title: | LF Sky Wave Propagation Excited by a Horizontal Electric Dipole Towards Understanding of Its Radiation Mechanism |
| Abstract: | In this paper, the electromagnetic pulses have been investigated based on the theory of wave-hop propagation. The approximate formulas are obtained for the electromagnetic field of a vertical magnetic dipole in the presence of an Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Based on the results obtained, the approximate formulas are derived readily for the ground wave and sky waves due to horizontal electric dipole excitation by using a reciprocity theorem. The corresponding computations and discussions are carried out specifically by analogy with those generated by a vertical electric dipole with the formulas in CCIR’s recommendation. It is shown that the sky wave pulses would interfere at certain distances and occur by different time-delays. |
| Author(s): | H. Xu, T. Gu, J. Zheng, K. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2695 KB |
| Title: | Radar Detection of Plasma-Covered Reentry Object Based on Crossed Two-Component LFM Signal |
| Abstract: | A precise and efficient radar detection method based on crossed two-component LFM signal is proposed to deal with the detection problem of plasmacovered object. The method contains two segments: 1) design of transmitted signal, and 2) detection of object information (position and velocity) from the ambiguity function of the echo signal. For the first segment, the transmitted signal is designed to be a 2-component LFM signal with each component crossing with the other one in the time-frequency domain. The crossing design of the two components eliminates the disturbance term in solving the ambiguity function, guaranteeing the stability of detection. In the second segment, a mixed detection technique is proposed, which contains priorinformation- based component classification and optimal parameters solution, maintaining both the accuracy and efficiency in detection. By the proposed method, both the efficiency in computation and accuracy in detection are achieved. The simulation results illustrate the validity of the method. |
| Author(s): | X. Chen, F. Shen, Y. Liu, X. Li, W. Ai |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2557 KB |
| Title: | The Investigation of Backscattering Characteristics of 3-D Local Sea Surface with Time-varying Overturning Wave Crest |
| Abstract: | When there exists overturning wave crest on the sea surface, the sophisticated coupling effect between the overturning wave crest and sea surface may give rise to sea spikes. As sea spikes will cause the increase of radar false probability, the investigation of electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics of threedimensional (3-D) local sea surface with time-varying overturning wave crest is meaningful for the remote sensing. In this paper, the influence of wind speed and time factor is taken into consideration when constructing the overturning wave crest, which is ignored in the traditional Longtank model. In addition, the Integral Equation Method (IEM) is adopted to calculate the EM scattering from a 3-D local sea surface with time-varying overturning wave crest for different incident angles and wind speeds. The simulation results are meaningful for analyzing the physical mechanism of sea spikes. |
| Author(s): | X. Meng, L. X. Guo, S. R. Chai, Y. C. Jiao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2121 KB |
| Title: | A Propagation Model for Rough Sea Surface Conditions using the Parabolic Equation with the Shadowing Effect |
| Abstract: | In this article, an accurate and fast approach is proposed to calculate the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics over the sea surface under tropospheric ducting conditions. The method is based on the parabolic equation and an asymptotic model of a rough sea surface and is used to calculate the electromagnetic characteristics and to model the sea surface reflection. In the proposed model, termed the extremum approximation of the shadowing effect (EA of SE) model, the shadowing effect is considered and simplified to improve the accuracy and shorten the computation time. The probability density functions and the propagation factors of different models are compared, the influence of the rough sea surface and the shadowing effect on the electromagnetic wave propagation is analyzed and the model accuracy and efficiency are evaluated. Some comparisons are made with experimental data. The results show that the average error is about 1 dB less after the shadowing effect is considered; and the proposed approach shortens the computation time about 600 times while maintaining a high accuracy. |
| Author(s): | M. Cui, H. Cha, B. Tian |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1618 KB |
| Title: | A Novel Tunable Combline Bandpass Filter Based on External Quality Factor and Internal Coupling Tunings |
| Abstract: | A combline filter with quasi-elliptic performance with external quality factor and internal coupling tuning is presented in this paper. In this design, a wide center frequency tuning range with a constant 3-dB FBW (fractional bandwidth) and ABW (absolute bandwidth) is obtained. Also, it is demonstrated that the transmission zero located at the lower edge of passband can be adjusted with little effect on the passband characteristic. A prototype of the tunable filter with a tuning range of 1.27GHz to 2.25GHz is fabricated on a substrate with epsilon=10.2 and h=1.27mm. Through tuning internal coupling coefficient and external quality factor, one can make the filter operate over a wide center frequency tuning range, with a constant 3-dB FBW (fractional bandwidth) nearly kept at 54% or ABW (absolute bandwidth) nearly kept at 500 MHz. |
| Author(s): | L. Zhou, S. Liu, J. Duan, M. Xun |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1764 KB |
| Title: | FE Analysis on Temperature, Electromagnetic Force and Load Capacities of Imperfect Assembled GIB Plug-in Connectors |
| Abstract: | For purpose of providing effective method of optimal design and failure prediction of plug-in power connector with imperfect assembly conditions, this paper evaluate distributions of operation current, temperature rise and electromagnetic forces of gas insulated bus (GIB) plug-in connector by mechanical-electromagneticthermal multi-physics coupled finite element (FE) method. The FE procedure took current constriction effects among contact spots into account by imperfect contact bridge model. Effectiveness of numerical model was verified by physical experiments. Mechanical, electromagnetic and thermal behaviors of plug-in connector under various assembly conditions (preloading force, conductor insert depth and docking angle) were analyzed. Results show that due to the deviations of contact forces, operation currents and temperature rises among contact spots are not uniform. Influenced by overheating and electromagnetic force on several terrible contact spots with larger currents flow through, load capacity of plug-in connector could be reduced to 82%, 46% and 15% of design values with insufficient preloading contact force, insufficient conductor insert depth and docking angles deviation. |
| Author(s): | X. Guan, X. Wei, X. Song, N. Shu, H. Peng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2565 KB |
| Title: | Comparison of Three Body Models of Different Complexities in Modelling of Equal-Sized Dipole and Folded Dipole Wearable Passive UHF RFID Tags |
| Abstract: | We compare the performance of equal-sized dipole and folded dipole wearable passive UHF RFID tags using three different body models for the torso of an adult male: cuboid and anatomical models with and without internal structures. The results show that all models estimate the antenna impedance matching appropriately, but only the anatomical models predict the full spatial coverage of the tags properly. We present a novel metrics for analysing the coverage in simulations and compare the simulated and measured tag read ranges to validate our modelling results. |
| Author(s): | T. Bjorninen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2749 KB |
| Title: | N-Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Auto Switching Unit |
| Abstract: | These days the need for reconfigurable antenna is widely increased in the field of multi band wireless communication. The proposed new design of N-shaped antenna structure consists of two PIN diodes for switching purpose. They are switched automatically by a pre-programmed Arduino microcontroller unit to attain the reconfiguration of four-different bands without changing the physical dimension of the antenna. The four switching bands are 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), 2.46 GHz (WLAN), 1.2 GHz (GPS) and 2.1 GHz (UMTS). It has a center stub with two N-shaped stub carrying PIN diodes. The stubs are connected with a 50ohm microstrip feed line. The measured return loss closely follows the simulation results. Also it exhibits a good impedance matching during the four switching states. The simulation has been done through Ansoft HFSS and measured results are obtained from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The obtained VSWR value lies beneath 2 for all obtained bands. The radiation pattern of the antenna is bidirectional for all the four-switching states. |
| Author(s): | A. Vijayan, L. R. KarlMarx, K. J. Jegadish Kumar , C. C. Vimlitha |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1796 KB |
| Title: | Study of Phase and Patterns Characteristics of a Sub-Wavelength Broadband Reflectarray Unit Element Based on Triple Concentric Circular-Rings |
| Abstract: | In this paper, phase and patterns characteristics of a sub-wavelength broadband reflectarray (RA) unit element are propounded. The unit element consists of triple concentric circular-rings on the Rogers 4003 substrate (H2) that provide a nearly 615 degree linear phase range. To obtain a phase curve with a lower slope, a 3 mm thick Foam (H1) is used and backed by a ground plane. A complete investigation analysis has been done to study the phase and patterns characteristics of the proposed sub-wavelength RA unit element. Results indicate that not only the incidence angle alter the element reflection phase, but also for oblique incidence, the element pattern deforms. It is shown, for sub-wavelength elements the combined effects of the mentioned factors are less severe. |
| Author(s): | J. Nourinia, C. Ghobadi, B. Mohammadi, F. Alizadeh |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 33 Number: 6 Year: 2018 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2169 KB |